EFFECT OF LATTICE DISTORTIONS ON CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF CI

 

M. Ioelovich

Designer Energy Ltd, Rehovot, Israel

 bd895892@zahav.net.il

 

ABSTRACT

 

Impact of lattice distortions on parameters and packing density of crystalline unit cell of various cellulose samples has been studied. It was disclosed that decrease of the degree of paracrystallinity leads to reduction of parameters “a”, “b” and specific volume of C1b unit cell. Parameter “c” tends to increase with decrease in the degree of paracrystallinity. Using the specific volume of undistorted equilibrium lattice of CI and specific volume of paracrystalline lattice, the degree of distortion of crystalline lattice of various cellulose samples was evaluated. The results showed that large crystallites of tunicate cellulose have a little distorted monoclinic crystalline structure, while monoclinic lattice of smaller crystallites of cotton linter, bast fibers and wood cellulose is more distorted. Triclinic lattice of CIα celluloses was highly distorted. However, paracrystalline distortions in large crystallites of algal or bacterial celluloses are negligible, therefore a high imperfection of CIα lattice is caused by other defects such as vacancies, dislocations, etc. As a result of annealing of CIα celluloses, most of these defects disappear that leads to decrease in distortion degree and conversion of unstable triclinic into stable monoclinic lattice with a higher packing density.

 

NEW METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MEMBRANES BY PROCESSING THIN-FILM MATERIALS WITH A FLOW OF ELECTRICALLY CHARGED SOLID PARTICLES

 

P. Kudryavrsev , O. Figovsky

Polymate Ltd. - Israel Nanotecnology Research Center, Migdal HaEmek, Israel*

pgkudr89@gmail.com ; figovsky@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT

 

The present work is devoted to the description of the new technology, which relates to a method for producing track membranes by penetration of the working medium within the matrix, and its passage through the matrix of polymer material. The working substance interacts with the matrix in the form of high-speed flow of solid particles. Method for treating thin-film materials with a flow of electrically chargeable solid particles in an electric field generated between two oppositely charged electrodes is proposed. One of the electrodes is made in the form of a net that is penetrable to the solid particles, used as a charging electrode for acceleration of the particles passing toward the thin-film material located above this electrode, while the electrode has a continuous surface, and is used as a charging electrode. The electric field is adjusted to the value needed to satisfy the treatment conditions so that the particles can either be retained in the treated material or can pass though the material, thus forming filters for gases or liquids, track membranes, or the like

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE NEED FOR CHANGES IN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

FOR THE USE OF THE MINI AND MICRO ON GRID GENERATORS

 

M. Belloni ¹, T. das Neves Conti ²

 

¹Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) São Paulo, Braziol, ²National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

prof.belloni@gmail.com ; tnconti@gmail.com

 

  ABSTRACT

 

It is expected that with the diversification of utilization rates, the increased demand for electricity and the difficulties encountered in hydroelectric generation, promote the acquisition of more renewable energy generators connected to the network. There's no way to keep a nationwide system of interconnected components and mini-generation connected to the network, effectively without the deployment of the smart grid. Through studies carried out in some inverters used in solar generators, it was verified the existence of harmonics that are injected in the distribution network, creating fluctuations of voltage and current. Rectification of the sine wave inverter, and the connection of multiple network generators cause oscillations in both voltage and frequency, making necessary a network that not only identify these fluctuations, but to interpret, going further, as should take measures to mitigate the effects of these oscillations. This requires an intelligent, interconnected network to the central data processing, intuitive and with a certain degree of autonomy, reducing response time to problems, directing and compensating voltage spikes and rectifying the quality of electricity injected by miscellaneous generators connected to the same.

 

NANOSYSTEM PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS

IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

 

E.G. Shahbazov, R.A.Yusifov, K.Sh. Jabbarova, Kh.Kh. Huseynli

SOCAR, “Oil gas scientific research project” Institute,  Baku, Azerbaijan

eldar@socar.az

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The article was dedicated to the nanosystem application having synergistic effect developed on the basis of “low impact and excitation” effect for asphaltene-resin-paraffin (ARP) deposits prevention causing technological complications during the oil production and transportation. The nanosystem made on the basis of organic solvent, surface active substances (SAA) and metal nanoparticle simplifies the oil production, prevents mechanical mixtures in oil well equipment, solves the mixtures on down-hole zone and pipe, and decreases oil viscosity. Time between overhauls and oil production increased as the result of nanosystem application at the well № 1331 Palchig pilpile field of "Oil Rocks" OGPD, and great economic benefits were achieved.

 

 

 

 

 

 

REVERSIBLE IMPINGING STREAMS:

 A NEW METHOD OF INTERACTION

GAS - PARTICLES

 

V. Meltser

Munich, Germany.

 

ABSTRACT

A new generation of high-intensity impinging streams – reversible impinging streams (RIS) provide for as-long-as-desired presence of disperse material in them.  It has been found that in the course of interaction between gas and solid phases the particles spontaneously form a compact cloud which is called pseudopiston. It reverts within the moving impinging gas streams where the concentration of particles (well mixed) in it is close to that in dense movable rarefied beds. Reciprocation motion conditions of the pseudopiston characterized by the high relative speed of phases have been modeled and experimentally determined.  The particle concentrations practically used in RIS are at least an order of magnitude higher compared to those applied in other known variants of impinging streams. In the present article the data on some areas of RIS prospective application in heat and mass transfer processes as well as in some other processes are given.

TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES OF SIMULTANEOUS WHITE LIGHT

AND 5-ALA-INDUCED FLUORESCENT IMAGING

FOR REAL-TIME MICROSURGICAL RESECTION

OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS

 

A. Beylin

Rockville, MD, USA

bmralex@gmail.com

 

ABSTRACT

 

Administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA), a natural metabolic precursor of haem results in selective accumulation of protopoprhyrin-IX (PpIX) in malignant glioma tissue. Fluorescent imaging of PpIX has been used for rapid intraoperative identification of tumors enabling more complete and accurate tumor removal. In the standard fluorescence detection mode, the surgeon switches the light source coupled with an operating microscope from the normal white light to the violet-blue excitation light (375±440 nm) and observes PpIX fluorescence through a longpass filter, introduced into the optical path of the microscope. Although violet–blue illumination reveals the fluorescent areas, it hides the anatomical details of the tissue, and the continuous flow of the surgical procedure is interrupted. In the present study, we report a new imaging technology which permits visualization of tumor fluorescence in the presence of intensive broad-band microscope illumination which allows the surgeon to discriminate visually brain tissue from tumor, and to perform surgery without interruption or delay for tissue identification. The system does not require any modifications of the microscope optics or light source and can easily be adapted to any type of surgical microscope. The weak fluorescence of tumor tissue is acquired by the imaging system, processed in real time and presented as a high contrast synthetic image to be introduced into the visual pathway of the microscope. Also, the fluorescent image is superimposed with true color background image and saved for documenting and archiving purposes. The current technology has been tested in three cases of human malignant glioma and demonstrated reliable recognition of tumor fluorescence signals in the presence of the typical level of background illumination. The system facilitated the intraoperative discrimination of malignant glioma tissue.