1 New Concepts in Science*

For decades, scientists have held that the universe is about 13.8 billion years old. That number now faces serious doubt.

Every action in physics is governed by some kind of push or pull. As far as we know, these all fall into one of just four categories; electromagnetism, gravity, and two kinds of nuclear force. Yet there could well be forces hidden deep within the tiny storms of particle dynamics that have been simply too subtle to easily detect.

If fundamental conctants were even a little bit different, we simply wouldn't be here. Given this grave existential fact, we are forced to ask a question: Why?

A new part of the immune system has been discovered and it is a goldmine of potential antibiotics, scientists have said. They've shown a part of the body known to recycle proteins has a secret mode that can spew out an arsenal of bacteria-killing chemicals.

Хи́ггсовский механи́зм, или механи́зм Хи́ггса, предложенный английским физиком Питером Хиггсом в 1964 г., — теория, которая описывает, как частицы-переносчики слабого взаимодействия (W- и Z-бозоны) приобретают массу. Например, он делает Z-бозон отличным от фотона. Этот механизм может быть рассмотрен как элементарный случай тахионной конденсации, где роль тахиона играет скалярное поле, названное полем Хиггса. Массивный квант этого поля был назван бозоном Хиггса.

Ква́нтовая хромодина́мика (КХД) — калибровочная теория квантовых полей, описывающая сильное взаимодействие элементарных частиц. Наряду с электрослабой теорией, КХД составляет общепринятый теоретический фундамент физики элементарных частиц.

A colossal structure in the distant Universe is defying our understanding of how the Universe evolved.

Neutrons are among the basic building blocks of matter. As long as they are part of a stable atomic nucleus, they can stay there for arbitrary periods of time. However, the situation is different for free neutrons: They decay—after about 15 minutes, on average.

In 2024, Geoffrey Hinton was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contributions to artificial intelligence. A key milestone in his work came in 2012 with AlexNet, a neural network he developed with his students Alex Krizhevsky and Ilya Sutskever, sparking a revolution in AI. But more than a decade earlier, in 2001, Paul Viola and Michael Jones first gave machines the ability to see you in real-time.

Растения способны общаться с грибами с помощью гормона стриголактона. Международная команда ученых разобралась, почему грибы считывают эти сигналы и как использовать выявленный механизм в сельском хозяйстве.

The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to reproduce all the properties of atomic nuclei hitherto observed in nuclear experiments using only quarks and gluons. However, it is only now that an international team of physicists has succeeded in doing this.

Помимо неизвестных науке темной материи и темной энергии, Стандартная модель физики частиц также сталкивается со сложностями в объяснении того, почему фермионы складываются в три практически одинаковых набора.

доклад сделанный за несколько лет до того, как был обнаружен Бозон Хиггса

De-extinction — the science of resurrecting extinct species — is progressing in leaps and bounds. Here are six creatures that researchers could bring back to life.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the largest and most powerful space telescope built to date. Since it was launched in December 2021 it has provided groundbreaking insights. These include discovering the earliest and most distant known galaxies, which existed just 300 million years after the Big Bang.

Massive objects, such as galaxies, can warp space-time so much that they begin to act as cosmic lenses.

DNA is famously known for its double helix structure, but the human genome also contains more than 50,000 unusual knot-like DNA structures known as i-motifs, according to a team of experts at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research.

«Прошла лишь одна неделя с момента открытия квантовой теории, но я кажется понял: если я смотрю левым глазом - я вижу частицу, если я смотрю правым глазом - я вижу волну, если открою оба глаза - я сойду с ума» (Вольфганг Паули)

Life on earth has existed for billions of years thanks to the observance of a number of prohibitions (taboos). Which in the biocenosis before the appearance of man were never disturbed - even if it was beneficial for certain species in the struggle for existence. Studying the list of taboos of all living things, as well as the mechanisms that in the biocenosis ensure their unconditional implementation in the evolution of all species, genera, families and classes of living beings, is an urgent and fundamental problem.